Notes of Chapter 11: Heat and Thermodynamics of “Physics XI” for FSc Part 1 published by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore. These notes are very helpful to prepare Physics paper of FSc Part 1 for Federal Board, Multan Board, Faisalabad Board, Sargodha Board, Gujranwala Board, DG Khan Board, Rawalpindi Board or any other board of Punjab, Pakistan.

Summary and Contents:

Thermodynamics is a branch of natural science concerned with heat and its relation to energy and work. It defines macroscopic variables (such as temperature, internal energy, entropy, and pressure) that characterize materials and …

  • Heat
  • Thermodynamics
  • Kinetic theory of gases
  • Pressure of a gas
  • Interpretation of temperature
  • Derivation of gas laws
  • Internal energy
  • Work and heat
  • Laws of thermodynamics
  • First law of thermodynamics
  • Molar specfic heat of a gas
  • Reversible and irreversible processes
  • Heat engine
  • Second law of thermodynamics
  • Carnot engine and Carnot's theorem
  • Patrol engine
  • Disel engine
  • Entropy

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