==== Chapter 11: Heat and Thermodynamics ===== Notes of Chapter 11: Heat and Thermodynamics of “Physics XI” for FSc Part 1 published by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore. These notes are very helpful to prepare Physics paper of FSc Part 1 for Federal Board, Multan Board, Faisalabad Board, Sargodha Board, Gujranwala Board, DG Khan Board, Rawalpindi Board or any other board of Punjab, Pakistan. === Summary and Contents: === Thermodynamics is a branch of natural science concerned with heat and its relation to energy and work. It defines macroscopic variables (such as temperature, internal energy, entropy, and pressure) that characterize materials and … * Heat * Thermodynamics * Kinetic theory of gases * Pressure of a gas * Interpretation of temperature * Derivation of gas laws * Internal energy * Work and heat * Laws of thermodynamics * First law of thermodynamics * Molar specfic heat of a gas * Reversible and irreversible processes * Heat engine * Second law of thermodynamics * Carnot engine and Carnot's theorem * Patrol engine * Disel engine * Entropy === View Online & Download ===
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