====== Chapter 08: Measurements ======
{{ :fsc-pctb-11:notes:fsc-pctb-11-notes-ch08.jpg?nolink&600|Chapter 08: Measurements}}
This is a eighth chapter of the book Physics 11 published by Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore, Pakistan.

After studying this chapter the students will be able to:

  * Recall the generation and propagation of waves.
  * Describe the nature of the motions in transverse and longitudinal waves.
  * Understand and use the term wavelength,  frequency and speed of wave.
  * Understand and use the equation $v=f \lambda$
  * Understand and describe Newton's formula of speed of sound.
  * Drive Laplace correction in Newton's formula of speed of sound for air.
  * Derive the formula $v=v_0 +0.61 t$.
  * Recognize and describe the factors on which speed of sound in air depends.
  * Explain and use the principle of superposition. 
  * Understand the terms interference and beats.
  * Describe the phenomena of interference and beats giving examples of sound waves.
  * Understand and describe reflection of waves.
  * Describe experiments, which demonstrate stationary waves for stretched strings and vibrating air columns.
  * Explain the formation of a stationary wave using graphical method.
  * Understand the terms node and anti-node.
  * Understand and describe nodes of vibration of string. 
  * Understand and describe Doppler's effect and its causes. 
  * Recognize the applications of Doppler's effect in radar, sonar, astronomy, satellite and radar speed traps.

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| **Theory**: |{{ :fsc-pctb-11:notes:fsc-pctb-11-theory-ch08.pdf |Download PDF}} |
| **Question**: |{{ :fsc-pctb-11:notes:fsc-pctb-11-questions-ch08.pdf |Download PDF}} |
| **Numerical**: |{{ :fsc-pctb-11:notes:fsc-pctb-11-numericals-ch08.pdf |Download PDF}} |
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{{tag>FSc FSc_Part1 PCTB Notes}}