===== Heat and Thermodynamics (Muhammad Ali Malik) =====

BSc/BS notes on "Heat and Thermodynamics" is given below. These are very helpful in the preparation of Heat and Thermodynamics for Bsc for any university of Pakistan.



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[[bsc:thermodynamics:malik:heat|Heat]]\\
Heat is energy that flows between the system and its environment by the virtue of a temperature difference between them. Heat is measured in unit of joule or calorie...[[bsc:thermodynamics:malik:heat|read more and download]].
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[[bsc:thermodynamics:malik:kinetic_theory|Kinetic Theory and The Ideal Gas]]\\
The branch of Physics which deals with the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy and vice versa is called thermodynamics...[[bsc:thermodynamics:malik:kinetic_theory|read more and download]].
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[[bsc:thermodynamics:malik:entropy|Entropy and Second Law of Thermodynamics]]\\
Heat engine is a device that converts heat energy into mechanical energy. Every heat engine takes heat from a hot body (source), converts a part of it into work and rejects the remaining part to a cold body (sink). A heat engine carries some working substance through a cyclic process during which...[[bsc:thermodynamics:malik:entropy|read more and download]].
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